How to Pray Namaz

As salam alaekum Wara'atumallahi Wabarakaatuh, Prayer is a Muslim's communication with Allah. Prayer purifies and cleans your mind five times a day, and serves to bring peace to your life. Prayer is a man's way of thanking Allah and reminds him that Allah is watching over his life, giving him the courage to face even the toughest of times. This article explains how the Islamic prayer, Salah or Namaz, is performed according to one of the five major Islamic schools of jurisprudence, the Hanafi School. Other schools differ in many small details - which from their point of view, are very important.


Steps

   1.Prepare for Salah. Preparing for prayer includes cleaning yourself, wearing clean clothes, finding a clean and pure place to pray and clearing the mind of worldly thoughts.

• Perform the Wudhu, or the Ghusl depending on the circumstances. You must perform the Ghusl if you have had sexual intercourse, after ejaculation even through unlawful means, after a woman has completed her menstrual cycle or have had contact with anything considered Najis (impure). Wudhu is sufficient if only madhiy (urethral fluid) has been discharged.
• Wear clean clothes. Men should cover at least the part of their body between the navel and the knees, but it is preferable to wear a (preferably long sleeved) shirt. The lower garment must extend to below the knees but must be above the ankles.Pray in a clean place. The place where you pray must be clean and pure. If you are not sure whether the ground is clean or not, spread a clean cloth or prayer mat over it. Ensure the area is not wet because it may contain urine.

2. Stand to face the Qibla. The Qibla is the direction towards the Kaaba. Some compasses modified for this purpose are now available. Many hotel rooms also have the Qibla direction marked somewhere on the roof. You must be looking towards the spot where your head will touch the ground during the Sajdah and your feet must be evenly spaced.

  3. Make the intention to pray. You do not need to say it out loud, but you will need to know which prayer of the day you are performing, what will be the type of the rakaat, and the number of rakaats. An example would be to think, "I will perform 2/4 rakaat/fard/sunnat/nafil of the Fajr/Zuhr/Asr/Maghrib/Isha/ prayer". Remind yourself that you are praying to Allah alone and not show off or for the sake of another person (i.e parents).

 4. Perform the Takbiratul Ihram. This starts the prayer. Raise your hands, palms facing forwards, up till your ear lobes but if you are woman your hands go to your shoulders. Say out loud "Allahu Akbar" (الله أَكْبَر), which means "Allah is the greatest".

 5. Perform Qiyam. Qiyam is where you stand up, your hands should be straight and at your sides. Recite the du'a al-istiftaah (opening du'a). It is, "Subhaanaka Allahumma w'a bi hamdieka, w'a tabaaraka ismuka, wa ta’aala jadduka wa laa ilaaha ghayruk" (which means, "Glory and praise be to You, O Allah; blessed be Your name, exalted be Your Majesty, and there is no god but You"). Begin reciting Surah Al Fatiha (the first chapter in the order of the Qur'an) and another portion (Surah) of the Qur'an.

6. Stand up straight, with your hands folded. Your right hand should be over your left, and they should overlap till the wrists only. Men place their folded hands below their navel, and women at chest level. Three of the Sunni schools of Islamic law - the Hanafi, Shafi'i and Hanbali groups - pray with their hands folded. Malikis pray with their arms at their sides. If you are a Shia, stand with your arms at your sides.

 7.Recite Surah Al-Fatihah Al-Fatihah. Your voice can be audible to yourself, but if it is not, thinking the prayer perhaps in your brain or mind is also a valid method. If you are a new Muslim and have not yet learned Surah Al-Fatihah, then praise Allah repeatedly. Until you memorize the Surah, you can start saying it.

 8. Recite a short portion of the Qur'an, a 'surah' as Muslims call it. It is helpful to have memorized small surahs of the Qur'an by heart. The last of the 30 parts of the Qur'an contains many small surahs that are easy to memorize. Commonly recited surahs are Surah Al-Ikhlas, Surah Al-Falaq, Surah Al-Nas, and Surah Al-Kafirun. Again, if you are a new Muslim and have not yet learned Surah Al-Fatihah then praise Allah repeatedly.

 9. Perform the Ruk'u. The ruku is basically a bow. You unfold your hands and bow, then placing your hands on your knees.Your back should become parallel to the ground, almost like carrying a glass of water on your back. It is essential to completely bow, not just tilt your body at 45o to the vertical. Say "Allahu Akbar" (الله أَكْبَر) as you perform this step. When you are in ruku, recite Subhana Rabbiyal al-Adheem (سبحان ربى العظيم), which means "All praises to Allah, the great". Say this three times.

 10. Rise up. Rise up from the bow, while saying, "Sam'i Allahu liman hamidah (سمع الله لمن حمده) which means Allah listens to those who praise Him. Then say "Rabana walakel hummed" (ربنا لك الحمد), which means "Our lord, to you is due to all praise."

 11. Perform the prostration. Say "Allahu Akbar" (الله أَكْبَر) once again and prostrate on the ground. Make sure you have placed your forehead, palms, and knees all on the floor, touching the ground. The bases of the toes on both feet also need to touch the ground. Have your forehead be bare - a covered forehead invalidates prayer. Recite "Subhan rabbi alAla" (سبحان ربى الأعلى) three times which means "Glory be to my Lord, the Most high." Everyone must keep their elbows raised above the ground.

 12. Rise to a sitting position, saying "Allahu Akbar" (الله أَكْبَر). When you are in this position, you must keep your eyes staring at your lap. Men must turn up the heel, and bend the toes, of the right foot. Women must keep both their feet and soles up under their body.

 13. Prostrate again, saying "Allahu Akbar" (الله أَكْبَر). The second prostration is exactly identical to the first one.

 14. Rise up to proceed to the next raka'at, saying "Allahu Akbar" (الله أَكْبَر). The second raka'at is identical to the first one up till the second prostration, but without the Takbiratul Ihram.

• Perform the Tashahhud at the end of the second raka'at. After the second prostration, stay in a sitting position and recite the Tashahhud (also known as Tahiyat)

Atta-hiyyatu mubarakatu lillahi was-salawatu wat-tayyibatu As-salamu 'alaika ayyuhann-Nabiyyu wa rahmat-ullahi wa barakatuhu As-salamu 'alaina wa 'alaa 'ibaadillaahiss-saliheen. Ash-hadu-al-la-ilaha illAllahu wa ash-hadu anna Muhammadan 'abduhu wa Rasuluh.

meaning All worships - oral, physical and momentary - are for Allah. Allah's peace be upon you, O Prophet, and His mercy and blessings. Peace be on us and on all righteous servants of Allah. I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His Servant and Messenger.

• If you are performing only two raka'ats, then this is the last raka'at. After saying the Tasyahhud, say the Durud,

اللهم صلى على محمد وعلى آل محمد كما صليت على إبراهيم وعلى آل إبراهيم

و بارك على محمد وعلى آل محمد كما باركت على إبراهيم وعلى آل إبراهيم فى العلمين إنك انت الحميد المجيد

(Allahuma sali ala Muhammad wa ala Aali Muhammad kama saliet ala Ibrahim wa ala Aali Ibrahim ennak hameed majeed, wa barik ala Muhammad wa ala Aali Muhammad kama barakta ala Ibrahim wa ala Aali Ibrahim ennak hameed majeed) then recite "allahumma inne zalamtu nafsi zulman kasira wala yagfiru junuba inna anta fagfirulu magfiratam min indika war hamni inna kala gafirur rahima" or "rabbi ja'alni muqeemus salaati wa min zurriyati rabbana wataqabbal du'a rabbanaghfirli waliwalidaiyya walil mu'mineena yauma yaqoom-ul-hisaab". then complete the prayer by looking over your right shoulder (where the angel who records your good deeds is) and saying the Salaam

السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته

and then looking over your left shoulder (where the angel who records your wrongful deeds is) and saying the same.

 15. If you are performing more than two raka'ats, do not say the Durud or the Salaam, but rise after saying the Tasyahhud and proceed to the next raka'at. The third raka'at is performed just like the first one, and you rise directly after the second prostration without saying the Tasyahhud or Salaam, unless it is your last raka'at. Af

Arabic Class Notes Part1

                             بسم الله الرحمان الرحيم

                         Arabic Class Notes Part1

                                     Topics

• Arabic Alphabets
• Arabic Vowel Signs
• Indefinite & Definite 
• NounEndings
• The Nominal Sentence
• Parts of Speech –English vs. Arabic

                                        Lesson 1            
           Parts  of Speech  –English vs. Arabic

•  English  has eight parts of  speech

1.  Parts  of Speech  –English vs.  Arabic  English  has eight parts of  speech
2.   Noun (A word which refers  to  a person, a  place,  or  a thing,  e.g.  teacher, town,  bus) 
3. Pronoun (A word like he, they, and we used  to  replace  a  noun) 
4. Adjective  (A word  that  describes  a  noun,  e.g. a  tall  man) 
5. Adverb (A word that gives additional  information  about how,  when  or  where  an  action  takes place,  e.g.  He  walked  slowly,  They  will  arrive  tomorrow) 
6.  Interjection  (A word  that  is  independent  of other  words  and is  used  as  is,  e.g.  hello  and hi) 
7. Verb (The action or doing  word,  e.g. sleep, eat, drink) 
8. Conjunction  (A word joining  two clauses  in  a  sentence, e.g. and,  because, but)
9.  Preposition(A word used to relate a noun  or  pronoun  to some other  part,  e.g.  of,  at)

      Arabic has only  three parts  of speech 

1.  Noun ٌاسم
2. Verb  ٌفعل
3. Particle ٌحرف

Parts  of Speech –English vs.Arabic English

• Noun 

• Pronoun

•  Adjective               إسم

•  Adverb                   

•  Interjection

•  Verb                            فعل

• Conjunction                  حرف

• Preposition

We have learnt the part of speech Now In-Shā’-Allâh (God-willing). Please click on Part 2 below to proceed.

Learn Arabic Language Part 2

Lesson 1 – الدَّرْسُ الأوَّلُ

This is… - هَـٰذَا...  

Continued...

In-Shā’-Allâh (God-willing), we will continue practicing with some more examples of using the phrase /hādhā/ هَـٰذَا which means 'This is'.
Please pronounce the word , i.e. how the words should be pronounced.

We have learnt how to say 'This is' using the phrase /hādhā/. Now, we will learn how to say 'What is this?' to ask a question followed by the answers to the questions In-Shā’-Allâh (God-willing). Please click on part 3 below to proceed.

Learn Arabic Part 1

Lesson 1 – الدَّرْسُ الأوَّلُ

This is… - هَـٰذَا...  

Introduction - مُقَدِّمَةٌ

• Please read the sentences below. After completing the sentences we shall go over the rules for this lesson.
• In Part 1 of Lesson 1 we learn how to use the pronoun هَـٰذَا which means 'This' (called the demonstrative pronoun in grammar). /Hādhā/ is pronounced هَاذَا but is written without the first /alif/. The second word is the noun (object) being referred to, e.g.: بَيْتٌ means house.

Please read the following word , i.e. how the words should be pronounced.

This is a book - هَـٰذَالكتاب
This is a mosque - هَـٰذَا مَسْجِدٌ.
This is a door -  هَـٰذَا بَابٌ
This is a house. - هَـٰذَا بَيْتٌ.

• Arabic has no word which is equal to the English word "is" which is referred to as a “copula” in grammar. We can see this rule demonstrated above where we see the words for هَـٰذَا and the noun/predicate مَسْجِدٌ being referred to without any copula. i.e.  هَـٰذَا مَسْجِدٌ  If read literally this sentence would read "This a mosque", however, the word "is" can be implied in this sentence so that it reads "This is a mosque".
• There is no word in Arabic corresponding to "a" in English as in: "This is a book". The n-sound, i.e. the /tanwīn/ (doubled vowel sign) at the end of the Arabic noun (kitābu-n, baitu-n, masĴidu-n) is the Arabic indefinite article corresponding to the English "a/an".

Part two is coming soon.where we will practice this principle further In-Shā’-Allâh (God-willing).

How to Preform Ghusl

Muslim adults perform an ablution, called Ghusl in Arabic, prior to rituals and prayers. This full-body ritual (compared to the partial-body ritual, wudu) is required for men and women after intercourse or other sexual acts, after menstruation, after losing consciousness and giving birth or after death by natural causes. The entire body must be washed, rubbed and covered with water while intending to remove impurities from the body.

Part One Of Three
Find a clean water To Washing                       📌

1. Find a source of clean water. This source can include rain, well, spring, sea, river snowmelt or pond water. Water that covers an area of 21 by 21 feet (6.5 by 6.5m) is generally regarded as large enough to gather pure water.

2.  Don’t use impure water, water from fruit or trees or previously used water. Water that may have bodily fluids from animals or humans is also unacceptable. Discolored water should not be used.

• Make sure to use safe water to perform this ritual; in some warmer areas of the world, water may contain naegleria fowleri, an amoeba that, if inhaled into the nostrils, can cause a rare but usually fatal type of brain infection. The CDC has guidelines on how this type of ritual ablution can be done safely.

3.  Use clean earth and rub it over your face and hands if you are traveling and can’t find a source of clean water. This is known as tayammum. You should perform Ghusl with water as soon as you find a water source.

Part Two of Three

Understanding Obligatory Ghusl              📌

1. Perform the act of ghusl after ejaculation, whether you are a man or a woman. It does not matter if you engaged in sexual intercourse or not - it is also required after unlawful acts and after wet dreams. Ghusl is not required for discharging madhiy (urethral fluid), which sometimes seeps out after thinking of or desiring intercourse - wudhu is sufficient in this case.

 2. Perform Ghusl after you end a menstruation bleeding if you are a woman. This extends to bleeding after childbirth. If there is no bleeding after childbirth, it should be performed on the 40th day after childbirth.

 3. Wash those who have died by natural causes with the same method. Martyrs do not have to be washed.

4. Opt to perform Ghusl voluntarily after one of the following occurrences. This is preferred but not required.

• When a non-Muslim has converted to Islam.
• Before Friday prayer.
• Before Eid prayers.
• After washing a corpse.
• Before undertaking a pilgrimage to Makkah.

4. Find a place of total privacy to perform this ritual.

Part Three of Three
Steps to Preform Ghusl                      📌

1. Begin with the intention of performing Ghusl for purification. The intention is inside your heart and saying it verbally is not prescribed

2.  Say! [بسم الله] Bismillahi. This means "In the name of Allah". Reciting the entire phrase is recommended: Bismillahir-Rahmanir-Raheem, which means "In the name of Allah, the most gracious, the most merciful".

3. Position yourself in front of water. Wash your right hand up to and including your wrists. Rub between the fingers and repeat three times.

4. Repeat with the left hand three times.

5. Wash your private parts. Repeat three times. Remove all traces of semen (men) or vaginal discharge on the private parts with water and rubbing of the hands.

6. After washing your hands three times, cup your right hand. Take water from the clean source and pour it into your mouth. Gargle the water inside your mouth and spit it out.

• Depending upon your preference, you can repeat this three times.

7. Sniff some water from your right hands into your nostrils. Blow the water out into your left hand. Repeat three times.

8. Move onto your face. Wash it three times from your hairline to your chin and jawbone. Extend the washing from ear to ear.

• Men should wash their beard. They can take a handful of water below the chin and rub it through the beard. Drag the wet fingers through the beard once.

9. Wash the lower right arm up to the elbow three times. Repeat with the left arm.

10. Pour water over your head three times down to the roots of the hairs. If men or women have braided hair, they should wet the base of the braids and hair. If they can’t wet the base, they should un-plait the hair.

11. Wash the entire right side of the body by pouring water liberally over your shoulder and self. Repeat with the left side.

13. Pour water over your head. Rub every portion of your body with the water to ensure your entire body is clean.

14. Move away from the area you just performed your washing or stand on a platform. Wash the feet, right then left, up to the ankles. Make sure to pour water between the toes and rub with your little finger.

• Ensure you wash the soles of the foot.
• All washing should be completed three times.

15. Dry the body with a clean towel and dress. Don’t delay in covering your body. As long as the entire body was washed three times in this order, you are considered eligible to perform Salah

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How to Act According to the Five Pillars of Islam

Islam is a complete way of life which contains guidance on all aspects of life in great detail. From managing your finances, to family law, to inheritance, and even the smaller topics like keeping clean and washing your vegetable. However, there are five basic "pillars" of Islam which "hold up" your faith. These duties are incumbent on every Muslim.

• Shahidah: Declaring there is no God except Allah, and Muhammad is God's Messenger
• Salah: Ritual prayer five times a day
• Sawm: Fasting and self-control during the blessed month of Ramadan
• Zakat: Giving 2.5% of one’s savings to the poor and needy
• Hajj: Pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime if he/she is able to do.

Read on to find out how to live according to them.

1.  Believe in the unity and oneness of Allah. Belief in Tawheed, or the Oneness of Allah is the basic tenet of Islam on which all other practices are based.

• Recite the Shahadah. This is the testimony of faith, which reads "'ašhadu 'al-lā ilāha illā-llāhu wa 'ašhadu 'anna muħammadan rasūlu-llāh", or "I testify that there is no God but Allah, and I testify that Muhammad is the messenger of Allah". It is remarkable how much a simple recitation of the shahadah can help prepare you for the challenges of life. A reminder that Allah is Almighty, All-Powerful can be very encouraging and comforting.
• Watch out for shirk. Shirk is the sin of associating partners with Allah and the only unpardonable sin in Islam. There are many categories and sub-categories of shirk including polytheism. Stay away from actions that lead to shirk or those or commit shirk. There are two types of shirk; they are:
•        "Shirk akbar", which is the major shirk. This is associating something with Allah in a way that is only exclusive to Allah, such as worshipping them, when Allah is the Lord, or giving them Allah's attributes (asmaa al-husna). This can be done in public, such as by worshipping graves, or in private. It can be done in words, such as supplicating to one other than Allah, or in actions, such as prostrating to one other than Allah.
•        ".Shirk asghar", which is the minor shirk. This can be anything that may lead to major shirk, but isn't as bad itself. This can include wearing amulets or necklaces, claiming they offer protection, or believing that something brings blessings or harm.
•      Remember that believing in superstitions, involuntarily or by your own will, shall be considered shirk. Believe only and truly in Allah, and no one else.

2. Establish prayer. Prayer, or Salah is mandatory for all Muslims. Remember that missing prayer is not excused, even under unsafe circumstances (such as war) and is otherwise unacceptable for mature Muslims to miss it. However, girls who have passed puberty and are on their periods of menstruation do not have to perform Salah, and disobeying here would be an act of a highly punishable sin.

• Salat consists of five daily prayers according to the Sunnah. They are:

1. Fajr (dawn)
2. Dhuhr (noon)
3. Asr (afternoon)
4. Maghrib (evening)
5. 'Isha (night).

• The Fajr prayer is performed before sunrise; Dhuhr is performed in the midday after the sun has surpassed its highest point; Asr is the evening prayer before sunset; Maghrib is the evening prayer after sunset (also known as dusk); and Isha is the night prayer, of whose validity continues till 20 minutes before Fajr.
• All of these prayers are performed while facing in the direction of the Kaaba in Mecca and forms an important aspect of the religion.
• Muslims must perform Wudu (ablution) before praying, or if a woman has her periods of menstruation completed, she must do ghusl.

3. Start fasting in Ramadan. Sawm is the Arabic word for fasting, and becomes obligatory on every Muslim after puberty. Of course, as different people experience puberty at different ages, it becomes obligatory at a different time for everybody. You are exempted from fasting if you are travelling, sick such that you need medication (e.g. diabetes), elderly, and pregnant or breastfeeding women, or if a lack of food will worsen your condition, or if you are menstruating. Diabetics using insulin might be able to fast provided that insulin timing is calculated carefully. You can make it up later by fasting when Ramadan is over.

• Fasting starts at Fajr. The Fajr adhaan signals the start of the day's fast. It is preferable to eat a small meal before Fajr. Eating a few dates and drinking water provides enough energy for the day and this depends upon the body of the individual. However, filling up yourself too much when you know you will work hard the rest of the day is wrong, since the metabolism process speeds up and you will feel hungrier at the end of your task.
• During the day, you are to abstain from eating food, drinking water, using foul language, and engaging in sexual activity. If you eat or drink by mistake i.e. you had forgotten that you are fasting, your fast is not broken. In case that happens, throw out whatever is in your mouth and rinse your mouth with water, and continue fasting as usual. If you break a fast intentionally by drinking, eating, or having sex, you either fast for 60 consecutive days, feed and cloth 60 needy people, or free a slave. If you cannot fast, due to sickness, menstruating or travelling, you must make up your fast at a later date.
• You open your fast at the time of the Maghrib prayer. This time is signaled by the Maghrib azaan. Most Muslims would eat a few dates and drink some water, following the sunnah of the Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him), and follow it with a meal after the Maghrib prayers.

 4. Pay Zakaat if you are self sufficient. Muslims with earnings above the nisab are considered to be self-sufficient. 2.5% of your earnings are to be paid annually to poor people, freed prisoners, those heavily indebted, or new converts to Islam. It is also good to use Zakaat to help out needy family members first. However, Zakaat can not be paid to some family members i.e the wife, children, parents, and grandparents, because their financial needs are already your responsibility. Please seek help from a religious expert for details on nisaab and zakaat to be paid on gold and silver (e.g. jewelry) and land, etc. Zakaat is paid on the money that you have had for a whole year and also returns earned during the year which is also considered as earnings.

There are 5 principles that should be followed when giving the zakāt:

• The giver must declare to God his intention to give the zakāt.
• The zakāt must be paid on the day that it is due.
• After the offering, the payer must not exaggerate on spending his money more than usual means.

• Payment must be in kind. This means if one is wealthy then he or she needs to pay 2.5% of their income. If a person does not have much money, then they should compensate for it in different ways, such as good deeds and good behavior toward others.
• The zakāt must be distributed in the community from which it was taken.

 5. Perform Hajj. Every able Muslim must perform a pilgrimage to Makkah once in their lifetime. Able is defined in terms of finances as well as physical health, so it is advisable to perform the Hajj when young, if able to. Hajj occurs during the Islamic month of Dhul Hijjah.

• Do not get confused between Umrah and Hajj. Umrah is a pilgrimage to Makkah, but is not performed in the month of Dhul Hijjah - rather, it can be done at any time. While it does not count towards the pillars of Islam, it is still a recommended act.